Hand Controlled Car For Disabled Individuals Engineering Essay

upset Controlled gondola For change Individuals Engineering EssayIntroductionDefinition of simple machine simple machine was defined as a motor vehicle with four stands and ordinarily driven by an internal combustion engine. The main function of motor rail gondola political machine was aimd for the transport of passengers. Nowadays, a car is the most common superman for individualal workout in travelling, working and also shopping (Kameda 2009). Gener whollyy, a received car is invented for mean(preno arcminuteal) person who is capable to implement twain their reach and legs to control the oil pedal, pasture brake pedal, steering wheel, shift open up and also the clutch pedal for manual car in infection control.However, in this recent year, self-winding transmission car is more everyday than the manual transmission car and widely gived around the world. For all knowledge, on that point ar signifi tailt differences between an automatic transmission and a manu al transmission. For example, clutch pedal and gear shift were not rig in an automatic transmission car. Everything was automatic once we put the transmission of car into drive mode. However, automatic transmission only provide a narrow speed range while manual transmission gutter get going in a wide range of output speeds. With the automatic transmission, users can drive a car easily and no contain to control the clutch pedal and also gear shift during impulsive journey. Therefore, the driving ability has become an important part in radiation pattern life. hinderance check is generally defined as a somatic or a mental impairment which can make our play tasks more difficult or impossible. According to the World Health Organization, there was a distinction between disablement, impairment and deceaseicap. A constipation is any(prenominal) restriction or lack of ability that caused by impairment to bring about an activity in the manner or within the range considered norma l for a human being. Meanwhile, impairment is any loss or constipation of psychological, physiological or anatomical structure or function. Handicap is a disadvantage for a given individual, resulting from impairment or a disability that prevents the fulfillment of a role that is considered normal for that individual. In early(a) words, this disability term is commonly used for individual functioning which includes sensual impairment, centripetal impairment, cognitive impairment, intellectual impairment mental illness, and versatile types of chronic disease. Disability not only effects on human organs or body parts, it may be effects on an individuals participation in life.Type of DisabilityMobility and Physical ImpairmentsSpinal Cord Disability mind injuries or Brain DisabilityVision DisabilityHearing DisabilityCognitive or Learning DisabilityPsychological DisordersHand Controlled CarA relegate controlled car was a vehicle that uses both returns to operate the brake, flatul ence and clutch. Hand controlled car was frameed for the physically challenged multitude who cannot use both legs to operate the throttle and brake pedals. Thus, with the assist of go by-controlled car, alter individuals can acquire a driving license and drive safely on the road. Nowadays, there are several of mass controlled car in the market. For example, the invention of digital accelerator ring and the main hand brake in car for the driving without the use of both legs. This cars users upright command to push the digital accelerator ring towards the steering wheel to hasten and move the main hand brake downward to brake ( interpret 1.1).Figure 1.1 The Digital Accelerator Ring and Main Hand BrakeIn addition, automatic transmissions car are strongly recommended for those disabled drivers so that they do not need to operate the clutch controller.An other example of hand controlled car was used a takeout hand controls. For example, the product of trinitrotoluene portable h and controls (Figure 1.2).Figure 1.2 Demonstration of using TNT portable hand controlsFigure 1.3 Attachment of TNT portable hand controls in a carThis portable device was designed for those disabled stack much(prenominal) as amputees, paraplegics, and quadriplegics who cannot apply and maintain the pressure that needed to operate the accelerator and the brake pedal. With the invention of TNT portable hand controls, the user can use the leave hand to operate the both accelerator and brake pedals the palm is used to apply the brake pedal and the alternate is used to apply the accelerator pedal while the right hand is free to control the steering wheel (Figure 1.3).Aims and ObjectivesThe main objective of this enquiry study is to modify a car in order to alter disabled individuals drive safely on the road. In addition, the cost of hand-controlled car should low so that disabled individuals afford to owe a car. For the comfort station of disabled individuals, the hand-controlled c ar must easy in maintenance as well.Literature ReviewA standard car was designed to be control by a normal person who is able to use their arms and legs for controlling accelerate and brake pedals, a steering wheel and also a shift prise. However operations using left and right arms and at least one leg are still needed for a car drive (Kameda 2009). This paper presented a reefer car drive system for a handicap person using a wheelchair. With the help of this spliff drive system, a handicapped person can drive a car with his/her single hand. In this joystick drive system, there was a mechanised linkage attached to accelerate and brake pedals which is controlled by an operation lever. This lever only can be shifted in back and forward direction. Pulling the lever in the backward direction provide accelerate a car whereas energy the lever to the forward direction to brake a car.The demographics of the disabled and agedness populations who are demanding to maintain their ind ependence and mobility tested the driver licensing authorities to contain that physical and cognitive difficulties are measured to an acceptable standard (Roake 2008). In order to compensate for reduced ability, servo system has been developed to enable bad disabled people to drive safely and pass the standard driving test. This development engineering interfaced with the vehicles primary and secondary controls which include electronic joystick devices to operate steering, braking and accelerator along with infra red or wireless systems to interface with vehicle electronic systems such as multiple and Can Bus electronic systems (Roake 2008).Shaheen (2001) described the recent fixings on the driving-related physical and cognitive impairments faced by the elderly. Two major types of vehicle design and infrastructure accommodations were proposed (1) allowances for private vehicle and (2) intelligent technology and support serve for private vehicles (Susan A. Shaheen 2001). Adap tive driving controls, such as mechanical hand controls or electromechanical contact switches, now allowed even the most severely impaired to operate a vehicle. However, these mechanical functions are usually tell toward primary controls only, such as steering, braking, and accelerating, which limits the ability of drivers to operate secondary controls such as the horn, turn signals, ignition, and headlights (Quintin 1991). Vehicle control modifications can be effective, simple, and inexpensive. For example, the use of simple extension bars to gear levers and lever release mechanisms for hand braking.Nowadays, there are several joystick systems acquirable in commercial message which were specifically designed for those drivers with limited military force in their arms and hands. However, (Ostlund 1999) reason that the tested joystick system had several functional limitation which includes time lags, lack of feedback and risk of interference between steering and speed control. In this journal paper, a design called uncoupled control was compared with the conventional joystick design which called as coupled control. In coupled control joystick, the master lever was replaced with a forklike grip which developed for driver with tetraplegia. In other one hands, the joystick with uncoupled control was developed by modifying the joystick in order to transform the radial speed controlling cause into a linear longitudinal motion. Nevertheless, there were sensors and actuators equipped in this joystick system to monitor the drivers control commands and provide a force feedback to the driver. Therefore, the joystick will back to neutral position if the driver released it.All tetraplegics and most paraplegics depend on mobility aids such as wheelchairs for short-range expatriation (Bjorn Peters 2001). Therefore, in order to become a licensed driver, the right adaptation is needed. The purpose of this journal paper was assayd the driver performance and limitation s of drivers with tetraplegia and investigate the influences adaptation designs in drivers performance and imposed workload. There are two types of hand controls installed in a car simulator, one had two separate levers and the other had one combine lever for braking and accelerating. For the system with separate levers, the braking lever was controlled by pushing it forward, while the accelerator lever was moved radially downward. The combined lever system was operated by pushing the lever to brake and wrench to accelerate. However, both systems had their pros and cons. For example, in the single lever system, the driver was impossible to use both hands on the steering wheel, while the dual lever system will prolonged the reaction time of transfer accelerator lever to brake lever especially in critical situation.methodological analysisBefore I make further research about my thesis which entitled Hand Controlled Car for Disabled Individuals, I had search and hit the books throug h some numbers of journal articles from database such as IEEE, accomplishment Direct, and SpringerLink. For example the keywords that I used to search related journal articles were Disabled Vehicle, Hand Controlled Car, Handicapped Car and so on. Next, I decided to conduct car Myvi as my car model to do the car modification for the need of disabled people in Malaysia. In my research study, I will create my own design in draft with the commensurate dimension as well. In addition, I also need to find out the most suitable materials that can be used for the car modification. In the future, I will conduct some experiment tests, such as tensile test and stress test for the materials that was chosen to examine the characteristic of relevant material whether the material suitable to use for car modification or not. Besides that, I will also use Solidwork software to present my own design unit in 3D.Materials succeeding(a) are the criteria material of my design unitMedium to high strengt hGood toughnessGood surface finishExcellent corroding resistance to atmospheric conditionsExcellent joining characteristicsGood workabilityWidely availableBased on the criteria material that mention above, I suggest aluminum demoralize 6061 as the main material of my design unit. Aluminium alloy 6061 is a versatile heat treatable aluminium alloy. Aluminium alloy 6061 consists various of components in its chemical composition ( card 1). Besides that, it has wide range of mechanical and corrosion resistance properties (Table 2). Generally, aluminium alloy 6061 is used in umpteen applications such as aircraft structures, truck bodies, yacht construction and so on.Table 1 Typical Chemical Composition of Aluminium alloy 6061 agentAmount (wt.%)AluminiumBalanceMagnesium0.8-1.2Silicon0.4 0.8IronMax. 0.7 sloven0.15-0.40ZincMax. 0.25TitaniumMax. 0.15ManganeseMax. 0.15Chromium0.04-0.35Others0.05Table 2 mechanic Properties of Aluminium Alloy 6061TemperUltimate Tensile Strength (MPa)0.2% c ogent evidence Stress (MPa)Brinell Hardness (500kg load, 10mm ball)Elongation 50mm dia (%)0110-15265-11030-3314-16T118095-9616T4179 min110 minT6260-310240-27695-979-13ResultsFigure 4.4 First Draft Design of Hand Controlled Car UnitDiscussionAccording to the result above, I just did the sketching of my design unit. This design is easy to control, push forward to accelerate and bend backward to brake a car. However, this design occupies a lot of spaces in driver seat, thus the users will face some difficulty to enrol and leave the car.For my future work, I will modify my design in order to increase the spaces for the movement of disabled people. Besides that, I will include the placement of wheelchair in consideration of my design.